Quinoline – Structure, Properties, and Applications
Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyridine ring. It is widely used in pharmaceuticals, dyes, and industrial applications.
Chemical Structure & Properties
- Molecular Formula: C₉H₇N
- Molecular Weight: 129.16 g/mol
- Structure: A fused benzene + pyridine ring system
- Boiling Point: ~ 238°C
- Solubility: Soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether, slightly soluble in water
Natural & Synthetic Sources
- Natural Occurrence: Found in coal tar and some plant alkaloids.
- Industrial Production: Synthesized via Skraup synthesis, Doebner-Miller reaction, or Combes quinoline synthesis.
Industrial & Pharmaceutical Applications
- Pharmaceuticals – Used in the synthesis
- Dyes & Pigments – Intermediate for producing azo dyes and fluorescent dyes.
- Organic Synthesis – Used as a precursor in making complex organic molecules.
- Pesticides & Herbicides – Certain quinoline derivatives are used in crop protection.
- Corrosion Inhibitors – Quinoline derivatives help prevent metal corrosion.
Toxicity & Environmental Impact
- Toxicity: Quinoline and its derivatives may cause liver damage and DNA mutations.
- Carcinogenicity: Some quinoline compounds have been classified as possible human carcinogens.
- Environmental Concerns: Coal tar quinoline is a pollutant and requires proper disposal.
Analytical Detection & Regulation
- Detection Methods
- Regulatory Guidelines
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